Analysis of The Hindu Editorial 1: India needs a ‘National Security Strategy’
Context
India’s evolving geopolitical landscape demands an integrated National Security Strategy (NSS) that ties together sectors like defense, economy, and finance. This critical exercise must, however, be conducted discreetly.
Introduction
With shifting dynamics in India’s neighborhood, growing threats from traditional rivals, and uncertainties surrounding new alliances, the call for a cohesive National Security Strategy is more pressing than ever. India’s ambition to grow into a $4 trillion economy faces challenges from global crises, such as the ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and Gaza, which are stunting international growth. At its core, economic strength is pivotal to securing India’s broader interests, as every sector—from defense to health—competes for limited resources. Crafting an NSS will ensure prioritized allocation and stronger security outcomes.
Defining ‘National Security’
The term ‘national security’ is often interpreted differently by various states and at different times. For instance, in the U.S., national security blends both values and strategic interests. The U.S. NSS, emphasizing leadership and democracy, reflects its priorities in defense and foreign policy, and informs budget allocations and military strategies. Similarly, countries like the UK and France have issued their own strategies, designed to project strength and reaffirm their global standing.
India must also craft its own NSS, one that outlines the threats it faces, and unifies diverse priorities like defense, finance, and climate into a clear, actionable framework. However, given the sensitive nature of such a document, it must be developed under strict confidentiality.
The Importance of a National Security Strategy for India
An NSS for India would integrate critical areas like defense, financial investments, and climate policy, steering the country’s security direction. However, this requires an honest assessment of both external threats and internal weaknesses—an exercise best conducted behind closed doors. Public communication on national security typically sidesteps mention of specific threats, especially in budget speeches. But the reality is that economic sovereignty and defense readiness are inseparable. A strong economy ensures India’s ability to retain its strategic autonomy in global affairs.
Navigating Multi-Alignment and Strategic Alliances
India’s shift from the Non-Aligned Movement to a policy of ‘multi-alignment’ reflects its need to balance relationships with major powers. Strategic alliances like the Quad (Australia, India, Japan, U.S.) focus on collective security in the Indo-Pacific, while India’s participation in BRICS (with Brazil, Russia, and China) ensures economic cooperation outside Western spheres. However, India’s significant trade deficit with China complicates its bilateral ties, despite the growing defense concerns posed by its neighbor.
Resource Allocation and Defense Gaps
A core element of national security involves effective resource allocation, where priorities like defense and economic growth must be balanced. India’s defense challenges are well-documented, particularly its insufficient submarine and ship-building capacities compared to China. While public documents often exaggerate strength for political messaging, an NSS must be realistic in highlighting these gaps and outlining solutions.
The Role of Public Communication
National security messaging, particularly in a country as diverse as India, must strike a delicate balance. Assertive posturing may satisfy public opinion but can create tension with neighboring countries. At the same time, a formal national security document could restrict India’s foreign policy flexibility, which has proven crucial in handling crises like the Ukraine war and Gaza conflict.
Conclusion: A Strategic Path Forward
India’s need for a National Security Strategy is urgent, not just to address defense concerns but to align economic and industrial priorities for long-term stability. The challenge lies in creating a cohesive framework that remains confidential yet actionable, while directing key ministries towards common goals. A well-executed NSS will serve as a guiding force, keeping India secure and propelling its economic ambitions forward in a rapidly changing global order.
Analysis of The Hindu Editorial 2: Brace for the new threat to air passenger safety
Context
As electronic devices face increased scrutiny, India’s air safety measures need urgent strengthening to address its flawed security system.
Introduction
Recent incidents in West Asia involving exploding pagers and walkie-talkies have raised concerns about flight safety. With Israel’s aggressive actions potentially fueling backlash, air travelers worldwide may face heightened risks. Just as the COVID-19 pandemic grounded flights with the finger pointed at China, Israel’s escalations now pose a new aviation threat. India must act swiftly to safeguard its skies.
The VVIP Loophole: A Weak Link in India’s Air Safety
In the 1970s and 1980s, hijackings were a common tactic for political causes, prompting the creation of airport security protocols worldwide. Following the 9/11 attacks, stringent measures were enforced globally, with the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) setting rigorous safety standards.
However, India’s security framework is riddled with flaws. Unlike most nations, India has granted VVIPs broad exemptions from security checks, a privilege often misused by those with questionable backgrounds. This weakens the country’s ability to prevent threats, making it vulnerable to emerging dangers like those seen in West Asia.
Basic Air Safety Protocols: Lapses and Concerns
Air passengers are familiar with the announcement to switch mobile phones to ‘flight mode’ before takeoff. Despite this, many passengers in India disregard these rules, risking severe consequences. In one documented case, a plane crash was triggered by a signal from a live phone, leading to interference with the autopilot system. Though advancements in shielding aircraft from phone signals have been made, airlines still enforce these restrictions to avoid potential risks. Yet, the challenge remains: ensuring all passengers comply with safety rules.
The Threat of Explosions in Small Devices
Recent events in Lebanon highlight a disturbing trend—small electronic devices, triggered by implanted codes, have exploded, causing limited but deadly damage. While these devices may harm only those nearby, the consequences at high altitudes could be far more severe. An explosion onboard an aircraft could ignite a cabin fire or damage the pressure bulkhead, resulting in rapid decompression. In such scenarios, oxygen masks are deployed, but the presence of oxygen in a fire creates a dire situation: use the oxygen and risk fueling the fire, or forego it and face brain damage.
The Growing Risk to Air Travel
Ignoring the risks posed by Israel’s actions in West Asia is leading to increased threats to global air safety. Restrictions on electronic devices in luggage have become more stringent, but in-cabin devices remain a potential danger. Airlines may soon need to ban in-flight Wi-Fi to prevent terrorists from triggering explosions remotely. As the tragic events of 9/11 demonstrated, determined terrorists can infiltrate even the most secure systems.
India, with its lax VVIP baggage regulations, faces additional risks. Hand baggage must be personally carried by the passenger, yet in India, officials often bypass this rule. This loophole could allow terrorists to plant dangerous devices in VVIP bags, bypassing security checks and putting hundreds of lives at risk—especially when landing in densely populated cities like Mumbai, Delhi, or Chennai.
Way Forward: Strengthening Air Safety Protocols
In the wake of Lebanon’s incidents, airlines have already begun banning passengers from carrying pagers, walkie-talkies, and similar devices. India must follow suit and bolster its security measures. The Indian government should also consider banning in-flight Wi-Fi and installing signal shields in airport terminals to prevent potential threats. Just as safety measures were enforced with the introduction of 5G technology near airports, similar precautions must be taken to shield against electronic device risks.
Conclusion
India’s aviation safety is at a critical juncture, with evolving threats looming large. To protect passengers and the industry, the government must act decisively by enhancing security protocols, closing VVIP loopholes, and limiting electronic device usage on flights. Proactive measures today will ensure safer skies tomorrow.